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Cuban exile
The term "Cuban exile" refers to the many Cubans who fled the island of Cuba. These peoples consist of two primary groups loosely defined by the period of time occurring before and after the Mariel boat lift of the 1980s. The pre-Mariel group consisted of the mostly middle and upper classes of the island who fled in the fear of widespread reprisals after the communist takeover led by Fidel Castro in the late 1950 and through the 1970s. The peoples of this group were mostly seeking political asylum. The second group consists of those peoples who emigrated from Cuba during and after the period of the Mariel boat lift of the 1980s. By and large, the majority of these peoples were, and are, seeking better economic conditions. The phenomenon date back to the Ten Years' War and the struggle for Cuban independence during the 19th century. In modern times, the term refers to the large exodus of Cubans to the United States since the 1959 Cuban Revolution.
More than one million Cubans of all social classes have left the island to the United States,〔http://immigration-online.org/77-cuban-immigration.html〕〔Pedraza (2007)〕 Spain, Italy, Mexico, Canada, Sweden, and other countries.
==Prominent exiles==
Prominent exiles have included writer José Martí, who spent many years in Spain and the United States in the 19th century raising support for Cuban independence from Spain. Fidel Castro and his brother Raúl spent a year and a half in Mexico (1955–1956), after being amnestied from prison. Fidel briefly visited the United States during his tenure in exile to raise support for the Cuban revolution. Since the revolution and its subsequent imposition of a communist dictatorship, and among waves of mass emigration in the hundreds of thousands, some prominent exiled figures have included Carlos Franqui who relocated to Italy; Huber Matos, who was imprisoned by Castro's government for twenty years after resigning his governmental position in 1959 before relocating to Miami; Guillermo Cabrera Infante, a prominent Cuban writer, who fled to the United Kingdom; and many more. Reinaldo Cruz was one of the five first Cuban rafters. Including Angel Padron, Mario Benitez, Marcelino Gonzalez, Nelson Lopez Estevez. These were the first true cuban rafters to flee the communist country on a home made raft consisting of 8 truck inner tudes and bamboo poles tied together. They left Cuba on July 31 1964 to then be rescued by a fishing boat named the KAL on August 6 1964. They were surrounded by sharks said Ken Lowry of the KAL. When Ken spotted the men floating just 25 miles East of west palm Beach he notified the US Coast Guard. He was directed by the USCG to board them and bring them directly to pier 66 in Ft Lauderdale. Once on board Ken asked "where are you going"one of the men Reinaldo Cruz said "Miami".
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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